Understanding: Basics
The 11+ can consist of four different elements; Verbal reasoning, Non-verbal reasoning, Maths and English. Depending on your area, the test may be a different combination of papers. In areas with multiple Grammar Schools, there may be one qualifying 11+ for them all.
Some Grammar schools will have many applicants for not many places. As a parent is it important to do your research into these basics to understand which test your child will be undertaking. if they will be taking more than one and potential pass rates.
Understanding: Verbal reasoning
This area is most universally used throughout different 11+ tests, as it is thought to test not only a child’s current skills but future potential. While verbal reasoning encompasses logical deduction skills or the ability to decipher codes, the test will also require a good vocabulary and strong maths skills. If your child enjoys things like puzzles and crosswords, they may already have an aptitude for this area!
Again, it is a good idea to research the type of questions that appear in your chosen test and area. The questions may be multiple choice (normally from 5 options) or in a standard format. Standard questions will include finding;
- The odd word out in a sequence
- A word with the closest meaning
- A missing number in a series
- How a number is related to a given example
- Understanding: Non-verbal reasoning
The key difference between verbal and non-verbal reasoning is the use of abstract figures instead of letters and numbers. Essentially, it will test a child’s ability to work out problems regardless of their knowledge of English. The logical deduction needed in verbal reasoning will still be tested here, but a child will also need to understand maths concepts such as symmetry and how shapes can relate to each other.
Each question will have a sequence of 3-5 shapes that needs completing. If a child is struggling with this, it is good to teach them to methodically eliminate the options to be left with the right answer. Sample questions will display sequences including;
- The outline of the shape
- The fill of the shape
- The size of the shape
- The direction of the shape
Understanding: Maths
11+ Maths will focus on Key Stage 2, which a child will learn in school. Therefore, the best prep is to ensure a child is completely happy with all Key Stage 2 elements using this checklist;
- The 4 basic operations: addition, subtraction, multiplication and division
- Fractions
- Decimals
- Money
- Metric system
- Time
- Prime numbers
- Prime factors
- Highest common factor and lowest common multiple
- Perimeter and Area (Squares, Rectangles, Compound Shapes)
- Averages
- Distance, Speed and Time
- Column graphs
- Pie charts
- Algebra
- Angle calculations
- Co-ordinates
- Reflection and Rotation
- Percentages
- Simple ratio
- Volume of cube and cuboids
- Bearings
- Simple probability
- Nets of shapes
- Sequences and number patterns
- Marking and interpreting scales
- Following rules and instructions in more unusual problem solving and investigative activities
It is thought that the most common 11+ mistakes are made from lack of a great understanding on the 4 basic operations, so be sure that a child is confident in this area.
Understanding: English
The style of 11+ English papers will vary greatly depending on the area. Some schools will set their own papers which vary year on year, whereas some will use a pre-written paper by a publisher. Typical questions that may be included;
- A comprehension exercise consisting of a piece of prose followed by questions about the content
- Further questions about the meaning of words used in the test
- Identifying the grammatical type of words used
- Identify errors in the use of capital letters, punctuation and spelling
- Questions where a child needs to choose the best word from a list that will complete the sentence
- Writing a short essay in a set amount of time
Practice papers
One of the most valuable tools for the 11+ is practice papers. Firstly, they can give you insight into your child’s current marks and show you what areas may need improvement. They will also help your child get used to the structure and format of these tests, allowing them to be more confident on the day. Practise papers can be found for free online – for example, elevenplusexams.co.uk provide around 40 free papers, as well as many more for purchase.
- Alternative practise
As well as sitting down to practise papers, you may find alternative and possibly more exciting routes to aid your child’s studying. The use of flash cards, games or notes pinned on the fridge can go a long way. Every child is individual and some trial and error may be useful in this area. You know your child best, you know their favourite games and what they will respond well to.
Tuition
If your child is struggling to get to grips with certain topics, 1-2-1 tuition is extremely useful. After some practise tests you may see specific areas that need improvement and can seek help for exactly this! Finding a reputable tutor with 11+ experience will benefit your child greatly.
Exam conditions
As well as getting the answers on a test right, there are other factors in an exam. Ensure you are practising exam conditions during some (if not all) practice papers. Do you have a local organisation that holds mocks?
This is a perfect way to practise. Ensure your child knows how long each test will be and at roughly what point they should be halfway, near finishing etc. Does your child know how to time themselves? Practise starting tests at different times (not just on the hour) to make sure! This will help a child feel less anxious on the day and help them to perform their best.
On the day
Ensure your child has had a good breakfast and is well hydrated and rested. Leave plenty of travel time and prepare yourself for some on the way nerves! The exam will require HB pencils and be sure to bring a rubber too.
In addition, water, a pre-exam snack and anything else your child relies on such as glasses, an inhaler etc. Be confident that you have prepped your child well and be sure to encourage and support them through this process.
By Emily G, graduate from a leading grammar school in the UK.
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